Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the body's immune system mistakenly attacking its own tissues, particularly the synovium – the membrane lining around the joints. Over time, this can lead to joint destruction and deformity.

Symptoms and causes of rheumatoid arthritis

The symptoms of RA vary in severity and come and go. They often include:

• Tender, warm, swollen joints
• Morning stiffness that can last for hours
• Fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite

As the disease progresses, symptoms often spread to the wrists, knees, ankles, elbows, hips, and shoulders. In most cases, symptoms occur in the same joints on both sides of the body.

The exact cause of RA is unknown, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as: B. Smoking, exposure to asbestos or silica, and microbial infections can trigger the disease in people with a genetic predisposition.

The impact of RA on daily life

RA can have a significant impact on daily activities. Joint pain and stiffness can make daily tasks difficult, and fatigue can affect the ability to participate in social and work activities. In addition, RA increases your risk of osteoporosis, anemia, and heart and lung problems.

Treatment of RA

Although there is no cure for RA, treatment can relieve symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. A treatment plan typically includes:

1. Medication:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are used to relieve pain and anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Steroids can quickly reduce inflammation and slow joint damage.
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as methotrexate, can slow the progression of RA.
• Biologics are a new class of DMARDs that target specific parts of the immune system that promote inflammation.

2. Lifestyle changes:

• Regular physical activity helps keep your joints flexible.
• A healthy diet helps control inflammation.
• Quit smoking, as smoking can make RA worse and make treatment less effective.

3. Physical and occupational therapy:

These therapies can teach you how to protect your joints and allow you to better manage daily tasks.

4. Operation:

In severe cases, surgery such as synovectomy, tendon repair, joint fusion, or total joint replacement may be required.

Conclusion

RA is a challenging disease that affects millions of people, but with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, many people with RA are able to live a fulfilling life. A multidisciplinary approach including medications, lifestyle changes, and supportive care can relieve symptoms and help maintain joint function. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for optimal outcomes, highlighting the importance of regular medical care and monitoring.